Rabu, 17 April 2019

Vague Language Expressions - GE 9 – 12




When we cannot or don’t want to be precise about a number, size, distance, time, etc.
We use certain expression to show what we are saying is not an exact number, time, etc.


A. Approximately


Approximately
Examples
Somewhere in the region of

I spend somewhere in the region of $50 a month on train fares.

Roughly

It is roughly 25 km from home to here.

-odd

There were about fifty-odd people at the party.

Give or take

It takes me an hour to get to work, give or take 10 minutes.

Or so

I am going to visit my sister in a week or so.

-ish

After class I get home about 8.30ish.

Around

I go to bed around 11 p.m.


We can use around and about wit age, time, or number.
She is about/around 30.
I will see you about/around 9 p.m.
I have got about/around eight pairs of shoes.


We can use -odd after age or number but not after time.
He is 50-odd.
We need 40-odd chairs.
I will write at ten-odd.

We usually use – odd with number that can be divided by 10.


We can use -ish with age, time, and some adjectives.
She is fiftyish, not fifty twoish.
See you about eightish.
She is tallish.
He has got reddish hair.

We can say loads of or a load of.
I have got loads of / a load of work to this evening.

B. A large amount

A large amount
Examples
Tons of (informal)

I have got tons of work to do.

Loads of (informal)

Loads of my friends have bikes.

The vast majority of

The vast majority of people in my country rent their homes.

A great deal of

A great deal of my time is spent answering emails.

A huge amount of

Some people I know spend a huge amount of money on clothes.





Work Collocations - GE 9 - 11




We can say make a living or earn a living.

We usually use do something for a living in questions:
What does your brother do for a living?

We can give a talk, give a lecture, or give a presentation


Make a living
Earn money that you need to live.

Be made redundant
Lose your job because your employer doesn’t need you anymore.

Be out of work – be unemployed

Have a lot of work on
Have a lt of work that you need to do.

Be on the go
Be very busy and active.

Get down to something
Finally start doing something that needs a lot of attention.

Verb patterns – Reporting Verbs - GE 9 - 11




Verbs
Patterns / Formulas
Mention
Explain
Point out

+ that + clause

Robert mentioned that the profits were up 20% last month.

Offer
Threaten
Refuse

+ (not) + to … (infinitive with to)
Remind
Advice
Persuade
Warn
Invite

+ object + (not) + to … (infinitive with to)

I reminded him to sort out the staff wages.

Deny
+ verb + ing

Deny has a negative meaning.
He denied (not) stealing the money.
He denied doing anything wrong.

Apologise (for)

+ preposition (not) + verb + ing

He apologised for not telling me sooner.


Blame (sb for)
Accuse (sb of)

+ object + preposition + (not) + verb + ing

He blamed me for not letting him ire enough staff.






Verbs
Patterns / Formulas
Admit
Suggest
Recommend

+ that + clause
+ verb + ing

Claim
Promise
+ that + clause
+ (not) + to … (infinitive with to)

Agree

+ that + clause
+ (not) + to … (infinitive with to)

He agreed to run the shop on his own for the first year.

Apologise (for)

+ preposition (not) + verb + ing

Blame (sb for)
Accuse (sb of)

+ object + preposition + (not) + verb + ing

Insist
+ that + clause

Insist (on)

+ preposition + (not) + verb + ing




Point out
Tell someone some information, often because you think they have forgotten it or don’t know it.

Claim
Say something is true, even though you cannot prove it and other people might not believe it.

Deny
Say that something is not true, usually because somebody has said that you have done something wrong.

Insist
Say repeatedly that something is true or that you want something to happen, often when other people disagree with you.

Blame
Say that somebody is responsible for something bad that has happened.

Accuse
Say that somebody has done something wrong.